IJEN CRATER BLUE FIRE 

 Blue flames and the largest highly acidic lake in the world.

Kawah Ijen (2386 m) is a composite volcano located within the Pleistocene Ijen Caldera, at the easternmost part of Java island, in Indonesia (Fig. 1). The visible superficial manifestations of the hydrothermal system of Kawah Ijen’s activity consist of the world’s largest hyperacidic lake on Earth

The blue fire is ignited sulphuric gas, which emerges from cracks at temperatures up to 600 degrees Celsius (1,112 degrees Fahrenheit). Those gases are directly originated from the magmatic chamber under the volcano. The flames can be up to 5 metres high; some of the gas condenses to liquid and is still ignited. It is the largest blue flame area in the world and one of the purest sulfur mine. Escaping volcanic gases are channelled through a network of ceramic pipes, resulting in condensation of molten sulfur. The sulphur, which is deep red in colour when molten, pours slowly from the ends of these pipes and pools on the ground, turning bright yellow as it cools. The miners break the cooled material into large pieces and carry it away in baskets. Miners carry loads ranging from 75 kilograms  to 90 kilograms, up 300 metres to the crater rim, with a gradient of 45 to 60 degrees and Most miners make this journey twice a day. 

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